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1
School of Law, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
2
Business School, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China
3
Department of Computer Science, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg Ost, Denmark
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Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Academic Editor: Paul B. Tchounwou
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(20), 10959; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182010959
Received: 13 September 2021 / Revised: 14 October 2021 / Accepted: 15 October 2021 / Published: 18 October 2021
Abstract
To promote low-carbon production, the government simultaneously provides some subsidies under carbon tax regulations. Two government subsidies are widely adopted: one is based on emissions reduction quantity and the other is based on emissions reduction investment cost. Additionally, consumer low-carbon awareness has also been enhanced. Considering the aforementioned circumstances, this paper investigates the effects of different government subsidies on production and emissions reduction decisions under a carbon tax regulation by formulating three decision-making optimization models. The results show that (1) although the carbon tax regulation cannot guarantee further improvement of emissions reduction levels, government subsidies could make the corresponding conditions of improving emissions reduction investments wider; (2) a heavy carbon tax or stronger consumer low-carbon awareness would make the positive effect of government subsidies more apparent; and (3) subsidy policies may also be selected by the government from different perspectives, such as manufacturer development, consumer surplus, environmental damage and social welfare. Especially, from the perspective of maximizing social welfare, investment cost (IC) subsidy is not always advantageous, while emissions reduction (ER) subsidy can always bring higher social welfare compared with the case under no government subsidy.
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Keywords:
production decision; emissions reduction decision; government subsidies; carbon tax; low-carbon awareness
production decision; emissions reduction decision; government subsidies; carbon tax; low-carbon awareness
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited
Share and Cite
MDPI and ACS Style
Wang, W.; Wang, Y.; Zhang, X.; Zhang, D. Effects of Government Subsidies on Production and Emissions Reduction Decisions under Carbon Tax Regulation and Consumer Low-Carbon Awareness. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 10959.
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182010959
Wang W, Wang Y, Zhang X, Zhang D. Effects of Government Subsidies on Production and Emissions Reduction Decisions under Carbon Tax Regulation and Consumer Low-Carbon Awareness. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(20):10959.
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182010959
Chicago/Turabian Style
Wang, Weiling, Yongjian Wang, Xiaoqing Zhang, and Dalin Zhang. 2021. “Effects of Government Subsidies on Production and Emissions Reduction Decisions under Carbon Tax Regulation and Consumer Low-Carbon Awareness” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 20: 10959.
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182010959
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