Abstract
Construction is among the leading industries/activities contributing the largest carbon footprint. This review paper aims to promote awareness of the sources of carbon footprint in the construction industry, from design to operation and management during manufacturing, transportation, construction, operations, maintenance and management, and end-of-life deconstruction phases. In addition, it summarizes the latest studies on carbon footprint reduction strategies in different phases of construction by the use of alternative additives in building materials, improvements in design, recycling construction waste, promoting the utility of alternative water resources, and increasing efficiencies of water technologies and other building systems. It was reported that the application of alternative additives/materials or techniques/systems can reduce up to 90% of CO2 emissions at different stages in the construction and building operations. Therefore, this review can be beneficial at the stage of conceptualization, design, and construction to assist clients and stakeholders in selecting materials and systems; consequently, it promotes consciousness of the environmental impacts of fabrication, transportation, and operation.
Keywords:
alternative additives; alternative water resources; construction waste materials; embodied carbon; recycled aggregate; recycled asphalt.
Conflict of interest statement
Figures
Figure 1
CO 2 emission from different…
Figure 1
CO 2 emission from different phases in the construction industry.
Figure 1
CO2 emission from different phases in the construction industry.
Figure 2
The machines used together with…
Figure 2
The machines used together with their energy requirements and CO 2 emissions in…
Figure 2
The machines used together with their energy requirements and CO2 emissions in limestone processing. Adapted from [24].
References
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